| |
Chemical
|
| Importance |
Difficulty |
Req'd |
|
|
|
|
pH (in water or Calcium chloride)
|
|
|
|
salinity/conductivity
|
|
|
|
total organic C
|
|
|
|
total N
|
|
|
|
nitrogen species (e.g., Nitrate, Ammonia)
|
|
|
|
total P
|
|
|
|
total S
|
|
|
|
Ca, Mg
|
|
|
|
carbonates
|
|
|
|
available carbon (e.g., DOC...)
|
|
|
|
carbon fractions (e.g., light, heavy, occluded, fulvic, humic acids)
|
|
|
|
mineralogy
|
|
|
|
pore space oxygen concentration
|
|
|
|
Eh (redox potential)
|
|
|
|
cation exchange capacity
|
|
|
|
base saturation
|
|
|
|
Al saturation
|
|
|
|
pollutants (e.g., solvents, heavy metals)
|
|
|
|
trace elements (e.g., metals:Fe, Mn, Cu...)
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Physical
|
| Importance |
Difficulty |
Req'd |
|
|
|
|
texture (granulometry)
|
|
|
|
aggregate stability
|
|
|
|
penetration resistance
|
|
|
|
soil structure
|
|
|
|
porosity
|
|
|
|
bulk density
|
|
|
|
water retention curve
|
|
|
|
field capacity
|
|
|
|
wilting coeffecient
|
|
|
|
infiltration capacity
|
|
|
|
slope, position
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Biological
|
| Importance |
Difficulty |
Req'd |
|
|
|
|
microbial biomass and its C,N,P
|
|
|
|
C/N ratio
|
|
|
|
respiration rate
|
|
|
|
N cycle rates (e.g., nitrification)
|
|
|
|
plant cover (native)
|
|
|
|
root biomass
|
|
|
|
enzymatic activities (e.g., dehydrogenases)
|
|
|
|
annual primary productivity of site
|
|
|
|
annual plant residue returned to soil
|
|
|
|
soil fauna (types, density)
|
|
|
|
earthworm activity or density
|
|
|
|
susceptibility to microbe immigration (water, dust, birds…)
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Soil / Geological
|
| Importance |
Difficulty |
Req'd |
|
|
|
|
soil type (classification)
|
|
|
|
horizon
|
|
|
|
drainage classification
|
|
|
|
parent rock material
|
|
|
|
water table (maximum and minimum annual depths)
|
|
|
|
degree of heterogeneity within sampled site
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Geographical
|
| Importance |
Difficulty |
Req'd |
|
|
|
|
latitude and longitude
|
|
|
|
elevation
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Management
|
| Importance |
Difficulty |
Req'd |
|
|
|
|
land use (e.g., urban, agriculture, forestry)
|
|
|
|
tillage (type)
|
|
|
|
crops (current, rotation)
|
|
|
|
crop yield
|
|
|
|
animal activity (e.g., feral pigs, grazing)
|
|
|
|
fertilizers (type and annual amount)
|
|
|
|
pesticides
|
|
|
|
historical data (e.g., previous land use)
|
|
|
|
fire
|
|
|
|
erosion
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Climate
|
| Importance |
Difficulty |
Req'd |
|
|
|
|
mean and seasonal rainfall
|
|
|
|
mean and seasonal temperatures
|
|
|
|
evapotransportation
|
|
|
|
global radiation
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Sampling
|
| Importance |
Difficulty |
Req'd |
|
|
|
|
depth
|
|
|
|
composite design
|
|
|
|
soil temperature at sampling
|
|
|
|
weather at sampling
|
|
|
|
moisture content at sampling
|
|
|
|
area represented by composite sample
|
|
|
|
weight of sample used for DNA extraction
|
|
|
|
|